Apollo

Apollo is the god of prophecy, of musical and artistic inspiration, of archers and of healing. Leto persecuted When the Titaness Leto had been seduced by Zeus, she was hunted over the whole earth by the jealousy of the god's wife Hera. And after having wandered through many countries Leto came to the rocky island of Delos, which is one of the so called Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea, and there she gave birth to her twins, first to Artemis and soon after to Apollo. This island came about, they say, when Leto's sister Asteria 1 cast herself into the sea in order to escape the amorous advances of Zeus, who transformed her into a quail. From her a floating island sprang that was first called Ortygia and later Delos, although some have said that Ortygia and Delos are two different islands and that Artemis was born in the former and Apollo in the latter. Birth This happened, some say, with great difficulty; for after nine days of travail the goddess of childbirth Ilithyia had not yet arrived, since she was kept in heaven by the envy of Hera. But the goddesses who kept Leto company bribed the heavenly messenger Iris 1 with a necklace strung with golden threads, and she brought Ilithyia to Delos. On her arrival, Leto cast her arms around a palm tree or an olive tree and, kneeling on the meadow, gave birth first to Artemis and then, with the help of Artemis' midwifery, to Apollo. The Lycian peasants Leto's troubles did not stop after giving birth, for it is said that she, having arrived with her newborns to a certain place in Lycia in Asia Minor where there was a lake, was forbidden by the inhospitable locals to quench her thirst. No matter how much she begged them to let her drink, they would still forbid her to touch the water, and as Leto insisted the Lycian peasants threatened her and soil the pool with their feet and hands, stirring up the mud from the bottom. And seeing them so tight-fisted and mean, and at the same time so in love with the pool, Leto turned them into frogs so that they could live in its depth for ever enjoying the water and the mud. Python But others say that the twins, so soon they were born, punished all the men of that time who, when Leto was pregnant and in the course of her wanderings, refused to receive her when she came to their land. And it is said that only four days after his birth Apollo went to Mount Parnassus and killed Python, the dragon that gave oracular responses and that had followed the pregnant Leto in order to kill her. Prophecy It was then that Apollo took over Themis' oracle in Delphi. He then appointed Cretan sailors as the sanctuary's first priests. For having seen a Cretan ship sailing from Cnossos in Crete to Pylos in the Peloponnesus, he turned himself into a dolphin and brought the ship into the Crisaean Gulf (the Phocian section of the northern coast of the Gulf of Corinth). So from Crisa, the Cretan sailors conducted by Apollo came to Parnassus, and having become priests of Apollo, they called the city Delphi, for the god, having appeared to them in the shape of a dolphin, told them: "I sprang upon the ship in the form of a dolphin, pray to me as Apollo Delphinius; also the altar itself shall be called Delphinius ..." [Apollo to the Cretan sailors. Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo 493] The Oracle at Delphi Concerning the oracle says a Pythian priestess of Delphi that the first to have prophetic powers was Gaia, who appointed Daphnis 4, a Mountain Nymph (Oread), as prophetess. After her came Themis, and then the Titaness Phoebe 1, who gave her seat at Delphi to Phoebus Apollo, called after her. But others say that Gaia and Poseidon had the oracle in common and that it was Themis who gave the oracle to Apollo as a gift, and that Poseidon was compensated receiving Calaureia, that lies off Troezen, in exchange for the oracle. It is said that Phemonoe was the first prophetess of Apollo at Delphi. A Delphian woman, Boeo, says that the Hyperboreans Pagasus 1, Olen and Agyieus established the oracle of Apollo at Delphi and that Olen was Apollo's first prophet. The seat of the oracle has been described as a cave hollowed out deep down in the earth with a narrow mouth, from which arose breath that inspired a divine frenzy. Over the mouth a high tripod was placed, and when the Pythian priestess mounted it she received the breath and uttered oracles, in both prose and verse. The oracle at Delphi was believed to be the most truthful, also because it was placed in the geographical centre of Greece or, as some claimed, in the centre of the inhabited world; for this reason it has been considered to be "the navel of the earth". Many riches were deposited in treasure-houses at Delphi, and these were offerings dedicated, for example, from spoils of war [see also Delphi]. The Bow Archers regard Apollo as their lord, for this is the god who, as they say, strikes from afar. And when Philoctetes, for example, came to Italy after the Trojan War, he founded a sanctuary of Apollo to whom he dedicated his bow. This bow had been Heracles 1's, but the one used by Odysseus to massacre the SUITORS OF PENELOPE had been first given to King Eurytus 4 of Oechalia by Apollo. But Eurytus 4 (who was son of the archer Melaneus 5, himself son of Apollo) challenged Apollo to a contest with the bow and was killed by the wrath of the god. Others say that Eurytus 4 was slain by Heracles 1 for quite another reason, but in any case when Eurytus 4 died he left the bow to his son Iphitus 1 who, before being thrown down by Heracles 1 from the walls of Tiryns, gave Odysseus the bow; and with it Odysseus ended the SUITORS' pestering of Penelope bathing his halls in their blood. The Bow, Healing and Music But when the god himself shoots his arrows with his silver bow another is usually the result, as when he and his sister, punishing the boasts and insults of Amphion 1's wife Niobe 2, caused the Royal House of Thebes to be left desolate by plague after shooting the NIOBIDS from afar. Likewise, in the tenth year of the Trojan War, Apollo came down from heaven darker than night (although he is usually called the bright one) and, in order to punish the arrogance of Agamemnon who had humiliated and dismissed one of his priests, the god let his arrows rain on the Achaean camp, decimating the army by means of a pestilence that took many lives. Such is the power of Apollo on the subject of health, which otherwise could be thought to be preserved by following the counsels of the same god which were engraved upon a column at Delphi: "Know yourself" and "Nothing in excess". For these counsels are believed to preserve balance and harmony, which are conditions of health. And similarly: by bringing the same kind of consonance and agreement among the sounds, the harmony of music is created, just like the balance between the fast and the slow appropriately combined produces its rhythm. All these agreements, in both medicine and music, although the works of Love, are ruled by Apollo, who has been called Musegetes (Leader of the MUSES) on account of his musical and inspiring gift. Asclepius Apollo, who is a primary source of healing, transmitted his powers to his son Asclepius who in turn carried the art among men to such a great pitch that he not only prevented some from dying, but even raised up the dead. This, they say, was not approved by Zeus who, fearing that mortals might acquire the healing art from him and so come to the rescue of each other, smote Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Grieved at the death of his beloved son, and not being able to raise his hand against his own father, Apollo, in revenge, slew the CYCLOPES who had fashioned the thunderbolt with which Zeus smote Asclepius. Apollo the thrall obtains favour from the MOERAE On account of this deed Zeus, who would have hurled Apollo to Tartarus had Leto not intervened, ordered Apollo, as a penalty for having destroyed the CYCLOPES, to serve as a thrall to a mortal man for one year. And this man came to be King Admetus 1 of Pherae, whom Apollo served as herdman. And since Apollo found he had been kindly treated when given in servitude to Admetus 1, he provided him with the wild beasts, with which Admetus 1 bore off Alcestis in marriage. But in offering a sacrifice at his marriage, Admetus 1 forgot to sacrifice to Artemis, and consequently found his marriage chamber full of coiled serpents. Apollo bade King Admetus 1 appease the goddess and meanwhile, because Admetus 1 was such a kind master towards him, he obtained a special favour of the MOERAE, which was that when Admetus 1 should be about to die, he might be released from death if someone should choose voluntarily to die for him [see Alcestis]. The Lyre In the process of recovering the cattle that the newborn Hermes had stolen from him, Apollo discovered the lyre that Hermes had invented and was willing to give Hermes the cattle in exchange for the musical instrument. So they did, and Hermes went pasturing the cattle and he now made a shepherd's pipe for himself; and this pipe was so amazing that Apollo desired it too. So Apollo offered to give Hermes the golden wand which he used while he herded cattle, but in the bargain Hermes received from Apollo, besides the wand, the art of divining by pebbles. The golden wand, the Caduceus, is a splendid staff of riches and wealth, which keeps Hermes scatheless. But although Hermes invented the three-stringed lyre, it was Apollo, some say, who added four more strings to it. Yet when Apollo quickly repented for what he had done to Marsyas, he, being distressed at his horrible deed, broke the four strings of the lyre that he had discovered. These, however, were later rediscovered by the MUSES, when they added a middle string, by one Linus, who added the string struck with the forefinger, and by Orpheus and Thamyris 1, who discovered the remaining two strings that Apollo had broken. Otherwise it is said that it was Apollo who taught Orpheus to play the lyre, and they add that after the death of the latter the instrument was put by the MUSES among the stars [see also CONSTELLATIONS]. Marsyas Concerning the musical contest between Apollo and Marsyas some have said that the latter was departing as victor when Apollo turned his lyre upside down, and played the same tune, a prowess that Marsyas could not do with the flute. But others tell that Marsyas was defeated when Apollo added his voice to the sound of the lyre. Marsyas, they say, protested arguing that the skill with the instrument was to be compared and not the voice. However, Apollo replied that when Marsyas blew into the pipes he was doing almost the same thing as himself. And the argument presented by Apollo was judged by the Nysaeans or by the MUSES to be the most just, and that is why, after comparing their skills again, Marsyas was defeated, and subsequently flayed alive by the god. Some have said that it was on this occasion that King Midas got the ears of an ass for having judged against Apollo: "You will have ears to match the mind you have in judging" [Apollo to Midas. Hyginus, Fabulae 191] The Laurel Since Daphne 1, pursued by Apollo, changed into a Laurel tree, the god is associated with the Laurel. For it is said that while Apollo pursued her, she implored to Zeus to disappear from sight, and as her prayers were heard, she was turned into a laurel tree. That was all that remained of her, but Apollo broke a branch from the tree and placed it on his head declaring: "Since you cannot be my bride, you shall at least be my tree. My hair, my lyre, my quiver shall always be entwined with you, O laurel." [Apollo. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.557] Daphne 1 escapes Apollo by turning into a laurel tree | Dafne 1 se escapa de Apolo, convirtiéndose en un laurel Amours impossibles Daphne 1 was not the only girl to refuse Apollo: For Marpessa 1 chose Idas 2 (the man who killed Castor 1, one of the DIOSCURI) before Apollo as husband of fear that Apollo might desert her in her Old Age. And Coronis 2 preferred Ischys to Apollo, who learned about it when a crow told him that she had wedded Ischys. Then the god cursed the crow, that became black instead of white, and killed the still pregnant Coronis 2, snatching Asclepius (her child by Apollo) from the funeral pyre as she was burning in it. Also Cassandra refused Apollo after having promised to consent if he would teach her the art of prophecy; but when she, after having received the gift, still refused, Apollo deprived her prophecy of the power to persuade, thus making vain his gift. And so when later Cassandra warned the Trojans about the nature of the WOODEN HORSE, nobody listened and Troy was destroyed by means of this clever device. Love for two young men Apollo loved Hymenaeus 2 and this distraction gave Hermes a chance to steal his brother's cattle. He also loved Hyacinthus 1; but him the god involuntarily killed with the cast of a quoit, and in the place where his blood had stained the grass there sprang a flower. The Cypress Of Cyparissus it is told that he could not find consolation after the death of a stag who was dear to him and, having asked Apollo for permission to grieve for ever, the god turned him into a cypress deciding that his place would always be where others grieve. This is still so since cypresses are a common sight in many cemeteries. Some interventions related to Troy It was Apollo and Poseidon who fortified Troy; for, as it is said, they wished to put King Laomedon 1 to the test. And so, assuming the likeness of mortal men, they undertook to fortify the city for wages. Yet when they had accomplished their work, the king would not pay their wages, and that is why Apollo sent a pestilence, and Poseidon sent a sea-monster, which snatched away the people of the plain. Later, during the Trojan War, Apollo destroyed by pestilence a large part of the Achaean army, in order to punish Agamemnon, who, while refusing to give Chryseis 3 back to her father Chryses 3, humiliated him who was a priest of Apollo. And in the tenth year of the war Apollo, in conjunction with the archer Paris, killed Achilles. The god is also remembered for his warning to Diomedes 2 who wounded Aphrodite when she protected Aeneas. The goddess then handed over Aeneas to Apollo, and as Diomedes 2 persisted in his attack, Apollo shouted at him: "... Give way! Do not aspire to be the equal of the gods. The immortals are not made of the same stuff as men that walk on the ground!" [Apollo to Diomedes 2. Homer, Iliad 5.440] Apollo is also held responsible for the death of Laocoon 2 (who threw his spear against the WOODEN HORSE) and his sons; for he sent snakes to kill his sons, and in trying to help them, Laocoon 2 was also killed. But others say that these serpents were sent by Athena.

Family Linaje

Parentage Mates Offspring Notes Zeus & Leto Hypermnestra 2 Amphiaraus ["a)", "b)", etc. = different versions] Hypermnestra 2 is daughter of Thestius 1. For Amphiaraus see also SEVEN AGAINST THEBES and Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1. Dryope 1 Amphissus For Dryope 1 see NYMPHS. Acalle Amphithemis 1 Acalle was loved by Apollo in the house of Carmanor. Fearing the wrath of her father King Minos 2 of Crete, who drove her from home to dwell in Libya, she exposed her son Miletus. Rhoeo Anius Apollo lay with Rhoeo but her father, believing that her seduction was due to a man, was angry and he shut up her in a chest and cast her into the sea. However she gave birth at Delos, where the chest was washed up. Anius was King of Delos and priest of Apollo. --- Apis 2 Apis 2 took over power in the Peloponnesus, which he called after himself Apia, but being a stern tyrant he was conspired against and probably slain by his son Thelxion. Cyrene Aristaeus Cyrene is daughter of Hypseus 1, king of the LAPITHS. Aristaeus received from the MUSES the arts of healing and of prophecy. Grieved at the death of Actaeon (who was destroyed by his own dogs), he migrated to Sardinia. He competed with his honey against the wine of Dionysus 2 but Zeus gave the first prize to the wine. Aristaeus also discovered the olive. After dwelling some time near Mount Haemus he never was seen again by men and received immortal honours. Aristaeus married Autonoe 2, daughter of Cadmus & Harmonia 1. a) Coronis 2 Asclepius b) Arsinoe 2 Stilbe Centaurus Stilbe is a daughter of the River God Peneus. For Centaurus, who is also said to be the offspring of Ixion and Nephele 1, see CENTAURS. Thero 2 Chaeron Thero 2 is daughter of Phylas 2, son of Antiochus 1, son of Heracles 1. Chaeron is the eponym of Chaeronea in Boeotia. Chryseis 3 Chryses 4 Chryseis 3 is the daughter of the priest of Apollo Chryses 3. She is the one Agamemnon refused to give back when her father demanded her. Because of that refusal Apollo punished the Achaean army which besieged Troy with pestilence. Chryses 4 is also said to be son of Agamemnon. This Chryses 4, on account of his family ties, intervened to save Orestes 2, son of Agamemnon, by killing King Thoas 3 of Tauris, who threatened his life. Chrysorthe Coronus 2 Thalia 2 CORYBANTES Hyrie Cycnus 7 Cycnus 7 was loved by Phylius who brought him many gifts but. Cycnus 7 commanded him often to perform several tasks. But as Phylius refused one of them he cast himself from a cliff and was turned into a swan. Hyrie melted away in tears or else threw herself into a lake and was also turned into a swan. a) Celaeno 3 b) Thyia 1 c) Melaena Delphus After Delphus the city of Delphi was named. Celaeno 3 is daughter of Hyamus, son of Lycorus, son of Apollo. Thyia 1 was Priestess of Dionysus 2 and the first to celebrate orgies in his honour; she was daughter of the Phocian Castalius. Melaena is daughter of the River God Cephisus. Phthia 2 Dorus 2 Dorus 2 is father of Xanthippe 1, wife of Pleuron, after whom the city in Aetolia was named. Pleuron is son of Aetolus 2 & Pronoe 2 and brother of Calydon. Aetolus 2, who was king of Elis, killed Dorus 2. Aethusa Eleuther 1 Aethusa is daughter of Poseidon & Alcyone 1. Eleuther 1 was a singer who won a Pythian victory for his loud and sweet voice. --- Epidaurus Arsinoe 2 Eriopis 3 Arsinoe 2 was daughter of Leucippus 2, son of Perieres 1 & Gorgophone 2. --- Hilaira Hilaira was a priestess of Artemis. Evadne 3 Iamus Evadne 3 is daughter of Poseidon & Pitana. From Iamus descend the diviners called Iamides. Cyrene Idmon 2 For Cyrene see NYMPHS. Idmon 2 was a seer who is found among the ARGONAUTS. He was killed by a boar, in the land of the Mariandynians, or died of disease during the voyage with the ARGONAUTS. Urea Ileus 1 Urea is a Nymph, daughter of Poseidon. Creusa 1 Ion 1 Creusa 1 is daughter of King Erechtheus of Athens. From Ion 1 the Ionians derive their name. Ion 1 died in Attica helping the Athenians in their war against the Eleusinians. Phthia 2 Laodocus 2 Stilbe Lapithus 1 Urania 2 Linus 1 Urania 2 is one of the MUSES. Linus 1 (Oetolinus) won great reputation as a musician and master of eloquent speech. Some say Apollo killed him, for being his rival in singing. It is also said that Linus 1 was son of Amphimarus (son of Poseidon) & Urania 2. Psamathe 2 Linus 3 Psamathe 2 is daughter of Crotopus, a king in Argolis. Linus 3 was exposed by his mother and destroyed by the sheep-dogs of Crotopus. Because of his death Apollo sent Poine (Vengeance) to punish the Argives. Calliope Linus 4 Calliope is one of the MUSES. Linus 4 taught Heracles 1 to play the lyre, but Heracles 1 killed him with a blow of the lyre. Parthenope 2 Lycomedes 3 Parthenope 2 is a Lelegian, daughter of Ancaeus 2, son of Poseidon and King of Samos. The Lelegians lived about the river Satnioeis in Asia Minor. Otherwise they were scattered over parts of Greece and Asia Minor. Corycia Lycorus --- Melaneus 5 King of the Dryopians (people living between the Sperchius River and Mount Parnasus). a) Aria b) Deione c) Acalle Miletus Miletus is the founder of the city of Miletus. Manto 1 Mopsus 2 Manto 1, daughter of the seer Tiresias, is a seeress and Priestess of Apollo. Mopsus 2 was a diviner, who drove the Carians out of their country and defeated Calchas in the art of divination. He was killed in a fight with Amphilochus 2 (son of Alcmaeon 1, son of Amphiaraus, son of Oicles or Apollo). Mopsus 2 and Amphilochus 2 killed each other. Rhetia Nine of the CORYBANTES --- Oncius Oncius lived in Oncium in Thelpusian territory in Arcadia. Chrysothemis 2 Parthenos Parthenos hurled herself down from a rock in fear of her father's severity as a swine destroyed the wine she was watching, and wine was a drink which had only recently been discovered. Othris Phagros a) Chione 2 b) Leuconoe 3 c) Philonis Philammon Both Apollo and Hermes fell in love with Chione 2 at the same time. Hermes touched her face with his sleep-compelling wand and then made love to her at once. But Apollo waited until night had come and, assuming an old woman's form, made love to her. Artemis killed Chione 2 for having criticized the goddess' beauty. Leuconoe 3 is daughter of Eosphorus, who is Lucifer, that is the morning and evening star (Venus). Philonis is sister of Chione 2, daughter of Daedalion, a cruel man. Philammon was famous for his song and zither. He was killed by an armed force of Phlegyans that marched against the sanctuary at Delphi. Acalle Philander The child Philander was suckled by a goat. --- Phoebe 2 A priestess of Athena, wife of Polydeuces, one of the DIOSCURI. Acalle Phylacides Phylacides was as a baby suckled by a goat. Phthia 2 Polypoetes 2 --- Pythaeus Hecate Scylla 1 Sinope Syrus 1 Syrus 1 became king of the Syrians, who were named after him. Melia Tenerus Melia is one of the OCEANIDS. Tenerus was given the art of divination by Apollo. --- Tenes King of Tenedos. He was killed by Achilles. Hecabe 1 Troilus Troilus, also called son of Priam 1, was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War. --- Trophonius Trophonius built, together with his brother, the fourth temple of Apollo at Delphi. One day the earth opened and swallowed him. Syllis Zeuxippus Syllis is a Nymph. Zeuxippus became king of Sicyon when Phaestus 2 migrated to Crete.

Abolengo Album - High Resolution Genealogical Charts Names in this chart Amphiaraus , Amphissus, Amphithemis 1, Anius, Apis 2, Apollo, Aristaeus, Artemis, Asclepius, Centaurus, Chaeron, Chryses 4, Coeus, Coronus 2, CORYBANTES , Cronos, Cycnus 7, Delphus, Dorus 2, Eleuther 1, Epidaurus, Eriopis 3, Gaia, Hilaira, Iamus, Idmon 2, Ileus 1, Ion 1, Laodocus 2, Lapithus 1, Leto, Linus 1, Linus 3, Linus 4, Lycomedes 3, Lycorus, Melaneus 5, Miletus, Mopsus 2, Oncius, Parthenos, Phagros, Philammon, Philander, Phoebe 1, Phoebe 2, Phylacides, Polypoetes 2, Pythaeus, Rhea 1, Scylla 1, Syrus 1, Tenerus, Tenes, Troilus, Trophonius, Uranus, Zeus, Zeuxippus.

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Cronos

Cronos is the wily, youngest and most terrible of the children of Uranus, whom he hated. He castrated his father and became ruler of the universe, but was later overthrown by his own son Zeus. Children of Uranus Cronos' father Uranus (Sky) is counted as the first to have ruled the Universe. He was the son of Gaia (Earth) or, as others say, the son of Aether (the Upper Sky) and Hemera (Day). Uranus married Gaia, and had children by her among which the HECATONCHEIRES, who had hundred hands and fifty heads, and the CYCLOPES, who had only one eye in their forehead. Uranus banishes his children Uranus, for some reason or other, hated these children of his and hid them away in a secret place on earth, or as others say, cast them into Tartarus, which is a gloomy place in the Underworld as far distant from earth as earth is from the sky. However, Gaia, grieved at the destruction of her gifted children, and being strained and stretched with so many giant beings inside her, planned the destruction of her own husband and his rule as a way to set them and herself free. Cronos eager to revolt In order to overthrow him, Gaia tried to persuade the TITANS, who were also her own children by Uranus, to attack their father, but these were afraid, excepting Cronos who immediately said: "Mother, I will undertake to do this deed, for I reverence not our father of evil name, for he first thought of doing shameful things." [Cronos to Gaia. Hesiod, Theogony 170] Castration of Uranus In order to accomplish the seditious purpose, Gaia gave Cronos an adamantine sickle with jagged teeth, which is said to have been made by the TELCHINES. And when Uranus by night approached Gaia longing for love, Cronos came out from his hiding place and cut off his father's genitals, throwing them into the sea behind his back at cape Drepanum in Achaea. And from the foam which gathered round the severed genitals, lovely Aphrodite was born after a long time, but from the drops of flowing blood that fell on Earth the ERINYES were created, who avenge crime and wickedness, and punish those who are guilty of bloodshed within the family. Power changes the mind This is how the TITANS dethroned their father and first ruler of the Universe, committing the sovereignty to Cronos, who was the youngest of them all. Having thus succeeded his father, Cronos brought up the CYCLOPES and the HECATONCHEIRES, who were prisoners in Tartarus. But Power changes the mind, whereas there is no mind able to change the nature of Power. So, when Cronos became ruler, he started seeing things in the same way as the predecessor he had dethroned had seen them; and soon he again bound and shut his brethren up in the same dark depth. The Punishment of Neoptolemus Cronos was affected, for having attacked his father, by what later came to be called the "Punishment of Neoptolemus", which consists in suffering oneself what one has done to another, or almost. Soon Cronos was prophetically informed by his parents that he would be dethroned by his own son. Cronos devours his offspring And believing that these fateful news could be averted, he started to swallow his offspring at birth. But once the procedure had been repeated several times, her wife and sister Rhea 1, feeling for her children as Gaia for her own, deceived her husband by wrapping a stone in clothes and giving it to him to swallow, as if it were the newborn child Zeus. Some say that when Rhea 1 brought the stone to Cronos, he, believing the stone to be a child, bade her offer milk to the baby. Rhea 1 then pressed her breast, and the flowing milk created the stars that are known by the name of the Milky Way. Cronos devouring his offspring Rhea 1 saves Zeus Note: English translations of Hesiod 477-485 (for example Evelyn-White's or Dorothea Wender's) appear to say that Gaia, and not Rhea, gave Cronos the stone to swallow. But modern authors, dictionaries and manuals have since long ago followed exclusively the version saying that Rhea gave her husband the stone wrapped in swaddling clothes as if it were the baby Zeus. This version is originally found in the works of Apollodorus and Pausanias among other ancient sources. The name of the subject in verse 485 of the Theogony is not mentioned, but the Hesiodic context suggests, in more than one way, that Gaia and not Rhea gave the stone to Cronos. Having thus deluded her husband, Rhea 1 went to Crete where she gave birth to Zeus in a cave in Mount Dicte. And while the child was fed by NYMPHS on the milk of Amalthea the goat, the CURETES who guarded the cave clashed their spears on their shields in order that Cronos might not hear the child's voice. Rhea 1 gives Cronos a wrapped stone to swallow, as if it were the child Zeus Cronos meets Philyra 1 In the meantime, Cronos, having realised that he had been deluded by means of a stone, was hunting his child Zeus throughout the earth. During his search he met the Oceanid Philyra 1 and consorted with her. By him she bore the wise Centaur Chiron, but later, when Philyra 1 saw the strange species she had given birth to, she asked Zeus to change her into another form, and he turned her into the tree called linden. What was said in Arcadia The Arcadians are reported to have said that when Rhea 1 gave birth to Poseidon, which she did before she gave birth to Zeus, she declared to Cronos that she had given birth to a horse. Apparently Cronos had no reason to disbelieve his wife, for gods are capable of anything, and so Rhea 1, who had laid Poseidon in a flock of lambs to live with them, gave him a foal to swallow instead of the child. This account has been considered to be both foolish and wise, for wisdom at times appears as foolishness, being sometimes difficult to tell one from the other, specially when riddles and hidden meanings are suspected. And the Arcadians also said that in a wonderful mountain near Methydrium, Rhea 1 enlisted, when she was pregnant with Zeus, the giant Hopladamus as an ally against Cronos, whom she feared might attack her, adding that it was in that place that the substitution of a stone for the child took place. The stone itself, however, was shown at Delphi, not far away from the tomb of Neoptolemus, whose 'punishment' Cronos shared. Olive oil was poured on the stone every day, and on special occasions unworked wool was placed on it. The Divine Vomit In any case, Cronos was later forced to disgorge the children that he had previously swallowed through a drug that the Oceanid Metis 1 gave him. So when the gods had been vomited, they aided Zeus in waging war against Cronos and the TITANS, for Zeus had promised that whosoever would fight with him against the TITANS, would keep the office he had before, adding that he who was without office or right under the rule of Cronos, should be raised and acquire them. Zeus banishes Cronos The TITANS, who fought from Mount Othrys in Thessaly, were defeated when the CYCLOPES and the HECATONCHEIRES sided with the gods, who fought from Mount Olympus. When Zeus had conquered the TITANS he bound them in chains and shut them up in Tartarus to live in darkness, for Night spreads about it in triple line. Men cannot do as gods do Some have thought that neither Cronos nor Zeus honoured their fathers, and that consequently, men could do the same or even worse against their own, but Apollo reminds that Zeus was able to undo Cronos' fetters whenever he wished, for gods have at their disposal many remedies, "But when the dust has drawn up the blood of a man, once he is dead, there is no return to life." [Apollo to the ERINYES. Aeschylus, Eumenides 645] The rule of Cronos Despite all these events, which some have called barbarous, Cronos has been celebrated for having ruled the world under the period known as the Golden Age, which is the first age of man. At this time there were no punishments, no swords, no helmets and no threatening words, and even to eat the flesh of oxen was held a crime. And being so, war was unknown and life passed in gentle ease. This was the time when spring was everlasting, and streams of milk, nectar and honey flowed in abundance. And, as unbelievable as it sounds, this was the nature of the rule held by the one who castrated his father: a time and a rule without pain, during which the earth, without compulsion, brought forth great stores of all kinds of needful things, and men lived secure never cheating or destroying each other. More about his rule During the reign of Cronos, they say, men did not have children, for at that time, when the universe revolved backwards, all humans came out of the earth and were therefore called AUTOCHTHONOUS. And for that very reason there were no families or states and nothing of what comes with them. Instead, humans had the ability of conversing, not only among themselves, but also with all kinds of animals, and were able to learn from every creature. For all these reasons the men of the Golden Age are believed in any respect to have been happier than those of the following ages. This rule lasted until Zeus overthrew his father and banished him to Tartarus, land of darkness and death in the depth of the Underworld. Zeus releases Cronos Later, however, Zeus released Cronos from his bonds and let him rule the Islands of the Blest, a place where the virtuous come after death, retaining their faculties and enjoying a life free of care [see also Underworld & Afterlife]. Note about Cronos and Chronos The name Chronos appears in several authors such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Pindar, Quintus Smyrnaeus, Cicero and Nonnus. He is identified with Time, but some of them say that he is the same as Cronos (Saturn). Chronos is said to be the father of the HORAE, of Aether and Eros. In this version (Nonnus), the HORAE are regarded as Hours instead of Seasons. Chronos appears as father of Aether (the upper sky) and Eros in the Argonautica Orphica.

Family

Parentage [two versions] Mates Offspring Notes Uranus & Gaia Oceanus & Tethys Uranus is the first ruler of the universe. [See also Castration of Uranus, Titanomachy, Gaia, and Table Theogony] For Tethys see TITANS, and for this particular parentage see one of the versions at Myths of Creation. Rhea 1 Hestia Demeter Hera Hades Poseidon Zeus CORYBANTES Philyra 1 Chiron Philyra 1 is one of the OCEANIDS. unknown Picus Picus lived on the Aventine hill in Italy. He is said to have used powerful drugs and practised clever incantations. See also Circe, who loved him, and being refused, transformed him into a bird. Picus married the gifted singer Canens, daughter Janus and Venilia, and had by her a son Faunus 1, who was king of Latium, and is sometimes identified with Pan, or with one of the SATYRS.

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Zeus

Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, having waged war against Cronos and the TITANS [see also Titanomachy]. This supreme god surpasses all others in spirit, wisdom, and justice, and prevails upon good men by persuasion, intimidating the evil by punishment. Zeus, some say, caused the Trojan War, so that the load of death might empty the world. Zeus got the thunderbolt, his ultimate weapon, from the CYCLOPES, and an eagle brings back the thunderbolts which he has flung. Birth and clandestine infancy Both Gaia and Uranus foretold Cronos that he would be dethroned by his own son. To avoid this sad fate, he used to swallow his children at birth. This bizarre behaviour, however, enraged his wife Rhea 1, who being pregnant with Zeus, went to Crete and gave him birth in a cave of Dicte. NYMPHS fed the child on the milk of the goat Amalthea while the CURETES in arms guarded the child in the cave, clashing their spears on their shields, in order to prevent Cronos to hear his voice. In the meantime, Rhea 1 wrapped a stone in clothes and gave it to Cronos to swallow, as if it were the newborn child. This is how Cronos, the second ruler of the universe, was deceived. Amalthea and other nurses Amalthea, some say, was one of ZEUS' NURSES. She was a naiad, famous in the Cretan Mount Ida, who nursed Zeus when the newborn god had to be concealed and protected from his father Cronos, who, out of fear for being dethroned by his own son (as it had been predicted), devoured his offspring. Amalthea hung Zeus in a cradle from a tree, so that he could be found neither in heaven nor on earth nor in the sea, and gathering youths, she gave them brazen shields and spears, and ask them to go around the tree making noise lest the cries of little Zeus be heard. These youths are called CURETES by some whereas others called them CORYBANTES. It has also been said that the nymph Amalthea owned a bull's horn which could supply food and drink in abundance. However, some affirm that Amalthea owned a wonderful she-goat who suckled the god, and that one day the goat broke one of her beautiful horns. The nymph Amalthea then picked it up, and wrapping it in fresh herbs, took it full of fruit to the lips of the newborn god. Because of this, on becoming ruler of heaven, Zeus transformed both his nurse and the horn of plenty into stars. Yet some assert that Zeus was given to the care of Adrastia 1 and Ide 3, daughters of King Melisseus 1 in Crete, who laid him in a cradle of gold, and since they had not milk for the child, they furnished him a goat, whose name was Amalthea. But others affirm that Amalthea was the nymph who owned the goat that nursed Zeus. The Messenians affirm that it was Neda, the eldest of the NYMPHS, who reared Zeus secretly; but many others are said to have nursed Zeus as well. Zeus becomes ruler of Heaven When Zeus was grown up, he asked Metis 1 to help him against his father, and she gave Cronos a drug that forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed. And with the aid of his brothers and sisters, Zeus waged war against Cronos and the TITANS, and being victorious, Zeus became the ruler of Heaven [see also Titanomachy]. Metis 1 Metis 1 turned into many shapes to avoid Zeus' embraces, but she nevertheless became his first wife. Gaia had prophesied that after giving birth to the maiden who was in her womb, Metis 1 would bear a son who would be the lord of heaven. Fearing the prophecy, Zeus swallowed Metis 1. And when the time came for the birth to take place, Prometheus 1, or else Hephaestus smote the head of Zeus with an axe, and Athena, fully armed, leapt up from the top of his head at the river Triton. Conflict with Prometheus 1 Prometheus 1 gave mankind fire, which, unknown to Zeus, he had hidden in a stalk of fennel. But having learned about the theft, Zeus had him nailed in Mount Caucasus, where every day an eagle swooped on him and devoured the lobes of his liver, which grew by night. Impious Lycaon 2 It is told that Zeus, desirous of putting the impiety of King Lycaon 2 of Arcadia and his sons to the test, came to them in the likeness of a day-labourer. Having slaughtered a male child, they mixed his bowels with the sacrifices, and set them before him. Zeus in disgust killed him and his sons. Because of their impiety, it is said, there occurred The Flood in the age of Deucalion 1. Zeus transformed Lycaon 2 into a wolf, or blasted him and his sons with a thunderbolt. The Flood of Deucalion 1 When Zeus then decided to destroy the men of the Bronze Age, he poured heavy rain and flooded the world so that all men were destroyed, except a few [see The Flood]. Amour impossible Zeus also loved the nereid Thetis, but Themis prophesied that her son would be mightier than his father, and he withdrew. Zeus then bade his grandson Peleus to marry her, and in time Achilles was born, who was indeed mightier than his father. Ate thrown away Ate, who is Delusion and Ruinous Conduct, was held responsible by Zeus for the blindness with which he took a solemn oath, and in his rage he seized her by her hair, and whirling her round his head cast her down to the world, swearing that she should never set foot in Olympus again. [This oath refers to the birth of Heracles 1; see Alcmena below. For Ate see ABSTRACTIONS.] Hephaestus expelled Zeus cast Hephaestus out of heaven, because he came to the rescue of Hera once she had a fight with her husband. Hephaestus fell on Lemnos, and for that reason he is lamed of his legs. Ganymedes in exchange for beautiful horses For the sake of Ganymedes' beauty, Zeus caught him up on an eagle, and ever since he is the cupbearer of the gods in heaven. In compensation for the rape of Ganymedes, Zeus gave some fine mares to King Laomedon 1 of Troy. Sun sets in the East by the will of Zeus At the time when the brothers Atreus and Thyestes 1 disputed about the kingdom of Mycenae, Zeus sent Hermes to Atreus to make him stipulate with Thyestes 1 that Atreus should be king if the sun should go backwards; and when Thyestes 1, believing it impossible, agreed, the sun set in the east. Thus Atreus got the kingdom. Another miracle performed by Zeus Callirrhoe 2 requested of Zeus that the sons she had by Alcmaeon 1 might be full-grown in order to avenge their father's murder, and they suddenly became grown-up [see also Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1]. Zeus takes part in the birth of Orion Hyrieus was childless and asked the gods Zeus, Hermes, and Poseidon, who came to visit him, for children, and they urinated in the hide of the sacrificed bull, buried it in the earth and from it Orion was born. CYPRIAN CENTAURS Some say that this horned generation of CENTAURS came to be because Zeus chased Aphrodite but could not catch her. In the pursuit the god dropped his seed on the ground, and these CYPRIAN CENTAURS grew out of the earth. [See also the regular CENTAURS] Immortality in exchange for maidenhood Juturna became a goddess of lakes and rivers in return for the maidenhood Zeus ravished. But the naiad Lara, also called Tacita, who could not hold her tongue, reported to Hera that Zeus loved Juturna. For this, Zeus wrenched from her the indiscreet tongue, and told Hermes to take her to Hades as she was to become an infernal nymph. Because of an opinion one kind of vision turns into another Tiresias was blinded by Hera for saying that women enjoy the pleasures of love ten times more than men, but was given by Zeus the art of soothsaying which he kept even in the Underworld. Ixion deluded Ixion was in love with Hera and attempted to rape her, but Zeus then made the Cloud Resembling Hera (Nephele 1) to delude him [see CENTAURS]. For this attempt Ixion is punished in the Underworld [see also Immortals]. Love and sleep may distract the gods When once Hera, for the sake of helping the Achaeans in the Trojan War, wished to keep Zeus away from the battles, she received Aphrodite's magic belt from this goddess, and with its help and her own charms she was able to distract her husband. Later on, with the help of Hypnos (Sleep), whom she bribed, Zeus was conveniently put to sleep. Hypnos dared this deed in spite of his fears. For some time ago he had performed, also at Hera's request, a similar task; and Zeus, who then woke up in anger and sought him everywhere, would have hurled him from heaven into the deep, had not her mother Nyx (Night) saved him. Attacks against the rule of Zeus The ALOADS The rule of Zeus was not beyond threat: Ephialtes 2 and Otus 1, two giants called the ALOADS tried to unseat Zeus from his throne. The ALOADS grew every year a cubit in breadth and a fathom in height; and when they were nine years old, being nine cubits broad and nine fathoms high, they resolved to fight against the gods. They then set Ossa on Olympus, and having set Pelion on Ossa they threatened by means of these mountains to ascend up to heaven. They also declared that by filling up the sea with the mountains they would make it dry land, and the land they would make sea. Ephialtes 2 wooed Hera, and Otus 1 wooed Artemis; and they put Ares in bonds. But when they wished to assault Artemis and she could not resist their strength, Apollo sent a deer between them. So driven mad by anger in trying to kill it with javelins, they killed each other. But others assert that Artemis caused their death; that she changed herself into a deer and leaped between them, and in their eagerness to hit the quarry they threw their darts at each other. In the Underworld they are punished thus: they are bound by serpents to a column, back to back. Between them is a screech-owl, sitting on the column to which they are bound. The Revolt of the GIANTS Also the serpent-footed GIANTS, who had a thousand hands and were matchless in size and invincible in their might, tried to dethrone Zeus. This happened because Gaia was vexed after the OLYMPIANS had defeated the TITANS. She then gave birth to GIANTS so that they would attack heaven. As an oracle had said that none of the GIANTS could perish at the hands of the gods, but that with the help of a mortal they could be killed, the gods summoned Heracles 1 to their aid, and the GIANTS were destroyed [see also Gigantomachy]. Typhon But then winged Typhon attacked heaven spouting fire from his mouth. This hybrid monster, whose eyes flashed with fire, had human shape but from the thighs downward he had huge coils of vipers, which when drawn out, reached to his very head and emitted a loud hissing. This came to be because when the OLYMPIANS had overcome the GIANTS, Gaia, still more enraged, had intercourse with Tartarus and gave birth to Typhon, who surpassed all her offspring in both size and strength. Typhon's size was such that he out-topped all the mountains and brushed the stars with his head, his hands reaching out, one to the west and the other to the east, and from them projected a hundred dragons' heads. Typhon, hurling kindled rocks, attacked heaven with hissings and shouts, spouting a great jet of fire from his mouth. So when the gods saw him rushing at heaven, they made for Egypt in flight. Being pursued they changed their forms into those of animals. However, Zeus pelted Typhon at a distance with thunderbolts, and at close quarters struck him down with an adamantine sickle, and as he fled pursued him closely as far as Mount Casius, which overhangs Syria. But Typhon wrested the sickle from him, severed the sinews of his hands and feet, and lifting him on his shoulders carried him through the sea to Cilicia, and deposited him on arrival in the Corycian cave. Likewise, he put away the sinews there also, hidden in a bearskin, and he set to guard them the she-dragon Delphyne, who was a half-bestial maiden. It was then that Hermes and Aegipan 1 stole the sinews and fitted them unobserved to Zeus. Having recovered his strength, Zeus pelted Typhon with thunderbolts and pursued him to the mountain called Nysa, where the MOERAE beguiled the fugitive. They made him taste of the ephemeral fruits in the persuasion that he would be strengthened thereby. So being again pursued when he started to flee through the Sicilian sea, Zeus cast Mount Etna in Sicily upon him. That is a huge mountain, from which down to this day they say that blasts of fire issue from the thunderbolts that were thrown. Conspiracy in Olympus A minor conspiracy once took place in Olympus when Hera, Poseidon, and Athena plotted against Zeus and planned to throw him into chains. It was the nereid Thetis, Achilles' mother, who then saved Zeus by calling to Olympus the Hecatoncheire Briareus, who squatted by Zeus and displaying his force frightened the other gods away.

Family

Parentage Cronos & Rhea 1 Mates Offspring Notes [Sources refer mainly to children. Abbreviations] Aegina Aeacus ["a)", "b)", etc. = different versions] Aegina, daughter of the river god Asopus, was carried off by Zeus, who had taken the shape of an eagle, to the island then named Oenone but now called Aegina after her. Asopus came to Corinth looking for his daughter and learned from Sisyphus that the ravisher was Zeus. Asopus pursued him, but Zeus, by hurling thunderbolts, sent him away to his own streams. And Sisyphus is ever since being punished in the Underworld for having disclosed Zeus' secret concerning the abduction of Aegina. Aegina gave birth to Aeacus, who became king of the island of Aegina. But as there were no men, Zeus transformed ANTS into men to populate the island. Aeacus joined Dionysus 2 in his war against India, and as the pious man he was, he delivered Hellas from the dearth through prayers [see also: Psamathe 1 at NEREIDS]. Aeacus keeps, since his death, the keys of Underworld. Boetis Aegipan 2 Boetis was a she-goat. Hyg.Fab.155. a) Protogenia 1 Aethlius Protogenia 1 is a daughter of Deucalion 1. Aethlius became the first ruler of Elis. Apd.1.7.2, 1.7.5; Hes.CWE.8; Hyg.Fab.155; Pau.5.1.3, 5.8.2. b) Calyce 1 Calyce 1 is a daughter of Aeolus 1. Protogenia 1 Aetolus 4 Hyg.Fab.155. --- Agdistis Agdistis was a demon with two sexual organs, male and female. The gods cut off the male organ and an almond tree grew up from it, the fruit of which was taken by Sangarius' Daughter who became pregnant. Agdistis is born from Zeus' Seed. Pau.7.17.10. Antiope 3 Amphion 1 Antiope 1 was loved by Zeus and gave birth to twins: Amphion 1 and Zethus, who became rulers in Thebes. Zeus took the shape of a Satyr to approach her. Apd.1.9.10, 3.5.5-6; Eur.Her.29; Hes.CWE.96; Hom.Il.24.602.ff.; Hom.Od.11.283; Hyg.Fab.11; Ov.Met.6.271; Pau.2.21.9, 9.5.8, 9.36.10; Stat.Theb.1.10, 2.455; Strab.8.4.4. Zethus Apd.3.5.5-6; Eur.Her.29; Hom.Od.19.518ff.; Pau.9.5.9. Dione 1 Aphrodite Leto Apollo Because Zeus made love to Leto, she was hunted over the whole earth by Hera, until she came to Delos where she gave birth to Apollo and Artemis. Artemis Callisto Arcas 1 Zeus seduced Callisto taking the shape of Artemis. Zeus, who did not wished to be detected by Hera transformed her into a bear, but Hera told Artemis to shoot the wild beast. However some say that Artemis shot the bear because Callisto had not kept her promise concerning her maidenhood, and that it was Hera who turned her into a bear. When Callisto died Zeus took the baby Arcas 1 and gave him to Maia for upbringing. Callisto he transformed into the constellation of the Great Bear [Ursa Major]. The district of Arcadia was named after Arcas 1. Apd.3.8.2, 3.9.1; Hyg.Ast.2.4; Hyg.Fab.224; Nonn.13.296; Pau.5.1.4, 8.4.1-2, 8.9.9, 8.24.1, 10.9.5. --- Arcisius Arcisius is Odysseus' grandfather. Apd.1.9.16; Hom.Od.16.118; Hyg.Fab.189; Ov.Met.13.143. Hera Ares Hebe Ilithyia For Ilithyia see Other Deities and main text above. Niobe 1 Argus 5 Niobe 1 was the first mortal woman with whom Zeus consorted. She is a daughter of Phoroneus, who is said to be the first man. Argus 5 became king and called the Peloponnesus after himself Argos. Apd.2.1.1-3; Pau.2.16.1, 2.26.2, 2.25.8. Pelasgus 1 The inhabitants of the Peloponnesus were called Pelasgians after Pelasgus 1. Otherwise he is remembered as the king of Argos to whom the DANAIDS came. Aes.Supp.250 and passim; Apd.2.1.1, 3.8.1; DH.1.11.2; Pau.8.22.1. Eurynome 3 Asopus Eurynome 3, counted among the OCEANIDS, is said to have ruled Olympus together with Ophion 1 until Cronos and Rhea 1 replaced them. Asopus is one of the RIVER GODS. CHARITES Themis Astraea For Astraea see ABSTRACTIONS. HORAE MOERAE --- Ate For Ate see ABSTRACTIONS. --- Athena Cassiopea 1 Atymnius 1 Atymnius 1 is known because the children of Europa fell in love with him. Apd.3.1.2. Carme Britomartis Britomartis (Aphaea, Dictynna, Laphria), fled from King Minos 2 of Crete, leapt into the sea from the top of a cliff and fell into the nets of fishermen, which saved her. She was made a goddess by Artemis. --- Caerus 2 "Opportunity", called "the youngest child of Zeus". Pau.5.14.9; Call.6. Io Ceroessa Nonn.32.70. Epaphus 1 Zeus seduced Io while she held the priesthood of Hera, but being detected by Hera he turned Io into a white cow by a touch and swore that he had not known her (consequently it has been remarked that a lover's oaths do not draw down the anger of the gods). Epaphus 1 was King of Egypt and founder of the city of Memphis. From him sprang the Libyans and the Ethiopians. Aes.Supp.48; Apd.2.1.3-4, 2.5.11; Eur.Phoe.676, Hes.CW.40a; Hyg.Fab.149; Nonn.3.284, Strab.10.1.3. --- Clarus Clarus was a companion of Aeneas in Italy. Vir.Aen.10.125. Hora 2 Colaxes Hora 2's body was half-human and half-snake. Colaxes was a chieftain in the army of Perses 3 during the civil war in Colchis between Perses 3 and Aeetes. He was killed by Jason, Captain of the ARGONAUTS. Val.6.48ff., 6.651ff. --- Corinthus Corinthus was King of Corinth. After him the Corinthian land is named. As he died childless the Corinthians sent for Medea. Apd.3.16.2; Pau.2.1.1, 2.3.10. Calliope CORYBANTES Calliope is the eldest of the MUSES. --- Crinacus Crinacus is father of Macar 1, King of Lesbos. Dio.5.81.4. Himalia Cronius 2 Dio.5.55.6. Cytus Spartaeus Dio.5.55.6. Electra 3 Dardanus 1 Electra 3 is the one of the PLEIADES who does not appear because of the death of Dardanus 1 and the loss of Troy. Dardanus 1 grieved at his brother Iasion's death, left Samothrace and came to the country where the Teucrians dwelt, and called it Dardania. Apd.3.12.1-2; Col.286; DH.1.50.3, 1.61.2; Dio.4.75.1, 5.48.2; Hyg.Fab.155; Hyg.Ast.2.21; Nonn.3.195; Ov.Fast.4.31, 4.33; QS.2.141, 13.558; Vir.Aen.8.134. Emathion 4 Emathion 4 became King of Samothrace after his brother Dardanus 1. Nonn.3.186, 13.395. Harmonia 1 See Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1. Apd.3.4.2, 3.5.4; Dio.5.48.2; Eur.Bacc.1357; Hes.The.975; Nonn.3.375ff., 4.61, 5.101. Iasion For Iasion see Demeter. Apd.3.12.1; DH.1.61.2-4; Dio.5.48.2; Hes.The.970; Hom.Od.5.125; Hyg.Ast.2.4, 2.22; Hyg.Fab.250, 270; Nonn.48.678; Strab.Fra.7.49. Semele Dionysus 2 Zeus fell in love with Semele and consorted with her, but Semele died, some say, because of the jealousy of Hera. However, after Semele's death Zeus carried the unborn child, Dionysus 2, in his thigh. Leda DIOSCURI Polydeuces and Castor 1 are the DIOSCURI. Zeus in the form of a swan consorted with Leda, and on the same night Tyndareus lay with her. Polydeuces and Helen, children of Zeus, were born from an egg laid by Leda and Castor 1 and Clytaemnestra were children of Tyndareus. But some say that Helen was a daughter of Nemesis and Zeus and that a shepherd found the egg and brought it to Leda and when Helen was hatched in due time, Leda suckled and nursed her and brought her up. Calyce 1 Endymion See also Olympia, Elis, Aeolus 1, and Selene. Apd.1.7.5-7; Hes.GE.11; Nonn.7.239, 48.581; Pau.5.1.4. Pandora 2 Graecus Pandora 2 is daughter of Deucalion 1 & Pyrrha 1. After Graecus were called Greeks those who followed Hellenic customs. Hes.CWE.2. Latinus 3 After Latinus 3 the Latins were called. Hes.CWE.2. a) Leda Helen See Leda above in this list. b) Nemesis c) Oceanid Pyrrha 1 Hellen 1 Hellen 1 named Hellenes those who were called Greeks. He is father of Aeolus 1, Dorus 1 and Xuthus 1. Apd.1.7.2-3; Dio.4.60.2; Hes.CWE.4; Hyg.Fab.155; Strab.8.7.1, 9.5.6. Alcmena Heracles 1 Alcmena was the last mortal woman with whom Zeus lay. Zeus took the form of Amphitryon (her husband) to deceive her. When Heracles 1, Zeus' child by her, was about to be born, Zeus declared among the gods that the descendant of Perseus 1 then about to be born would reign over Mycenae, and Hera, out of jealousy, persuaded Ilithyia to retard Alcmena's delivery, and contrived that Eurystheus should be born a seven-month child, and thus he became king of Mycenae. Lysithoe Heracles 4 Heracles 4 was born very much earlier than Heracles 1. Because both bore the same name the deeds of Heracles 4 were transferred to Heracles 1. Cic.ND.3.42; Dio.5.76.2. Asteria 1 Heracles 6 Asteria 1 tried in vain to escape the amorous advances of Zeus and was turned into a quail by him. Heracles 6, chiefly worshipped at Tyre, is father of the Tyrian Nymph Carthago. Cic.ND.3.42. Maia Hermes Maia is one of the PLEIADES. Nymph 13 African Iarbas For Iarbas see Aeneas and NYMPHS. Ov.Fast.3.552; Vir.Aen.4.36, 4.198. Taygete Lacedaemon Taygete is one of the PLEIADES. She is known for having consecrated to Artemis the Cerynitian Hind with the golden horns that Heracles 1 had to fetch. The country Lacedaemon is called after Lacedaemon. He succeeded Eurotas in the throne of Laconia and Sparta. Apd.3.10.3; Hyg.Ast.2.21; Pau.3.1.1. --- Lamus 3 Father of the NYMPHS LAMUSIDES who were to take care of the child Dionysus 2, but were maddened by Hera. Nonn.9.28ff. --- LITAE See ABSTRACTIONS. Thyia 2 Macedon Thyia 2 is a daughter of Deucalion 1 & Pyrrha 1. The district of Macedonia takes its name from Macedon. Hes.CWE.3. Magnes 1 Magnes 1 was father, among other children, of Polydectes 1, who colonized Seriphus and there became King, fell in love with Danae and sent Perseus 1 to bring the head of Medusa 1. Apd.1.3.3, 1.7.3, 1.9.6; Hes.CWE.3; Pau.6.21.11. Gaia Manes Manes was the first king of Lydia. DH.1.27.1-2; Hdt.1.94, 4.45. Nymph 8 Sithnid Megarus Megarus is known for having escaped the Flood in the age of Deucalion 1. Pau.1.40.1. Othris Meliteus For Othris and Meliteus see NYMPHS. Lib.Met.13. Europa Minos 2 Zeus fell in love with a Phoenician princess called Europa and having taken the form of a bull, Zeus carried her off and took her across the sea to the island of Crete. She bore sons who became famous both in this world and in the next, for Minos 2 became king of Crete and, since his death, delivers judgement to the dead in Hades, while Rhadamanthys acts as a judge in Hades, along with his brother and Aeacus [see also Crete, Minotaur and Robe & Necklace of Harmonia 1]. Rhadamanthys See also Underworld. Apd.2.4.11, 3.1.1-2; Pin.Oly.2.70; Hes.CW.19a; Hom.Od.4.564; Hyg.Fab.155; Lib.Met.33; Pau.7.3.6, 8.53.4-5. Mnemosyne MUES Zeus also changed his form when he consorted with Mnemosyne, assuming that of a shepherd. Mnemosyne (Memory), mother of the MUSES, discovered the uses of the power of reason and gave a designation to every object. Eurymedusa 2 Myrmidon Zeus approached Eurymedusa 2, daughter of Cletor, after having assumed the form of an ant. Their son is the eponym of the Myrmidons, the people living in Thessaly who later followed Achilles to the Trojan War. Clem.EG.2.34p. --- Nephele 1 This is a Cloud Resembling Hera fashioned by Zeus to delude Ixion [see also CENTAURS]. Apd.Ep.1.20; Dio.4.12.6, 4.69.5, 4.70.1; Ov.Met.9.123, 12.210, 12.504; Pin.Pyth.2.21ff. Dino NYMPHS Hybris Pan Selene Pandia It is said of Pandia that she was exceedingly lovely among the deathless gods. Hom.Sel.32.15. a) Styx Persephone For Styx see Underworld. b) Demeter Danae Perseus 1 When Danae's father inquired the oracle, the god said that Danae would give birth to a son who would kill him. Fearing that, he built a brazen chamber under ground and there guarded Danae. But Zeus had intercourse with her in the shape of a stream of gold which poured through the roof into Danae's lap and, in time, Perseus 1, founder of Mycenae, was born. --- Phasis 1 Phasis 1 is one of the RIVER GODS. Dia Pirithous Nymphe 2 Saon 2 Saon 2 (Samon) was a Samothracian, the first settler of the island, which was called after him and the name of Thrace. Pau.9.40.2. a) Europa Sarpedon 1 Sarpedon 1 became King of Lycia and Zeus granted him life for three generations. Nevertheless he was killed by Patroclus 1 during the Trojan War. Apd.3.1.1-2; Apd.Ep.3.34ff., 4.6; Dio.5.79.3; Hes.CW.19a; Hom.Il.16.502; Hyg.Fab.112; QS.4.290; Try.25; Vir.Aen.9.697, 10.470. b) Laodamia 1 Laodamia 1 is daughter of Bellerophon. Lamia 1 Sibyl 1 Sibyl is a surname, but this is the first woman who chanted the oracles at Delphi. Pau.10.12.1. Pluto 3 Tantalus 1 Borysthenes' Daughter Targitaus Targitaus is considered to be the first of the Scythians. Hdt.4.5-7. --- Themon A companion of Aeneas in Italy. Vir.Aen.10.125. Elare Tityus Zeus seduced Elare but he hid her under the earth for fear of Hera's jealousy. Tityus, who was of a huge size, is known for having lifted the robe of Leto and attempted to rape her. Leto's children, Apollo and Artemis killed him. He is still being punished in Hades [see Immortals]. Apd.1.4.1; Cal.Ar.110; Hes.CWE.25; Hom.Od.7.324, 11.576; Hyg.Fab.14, 55; Nonn.4.331; Pin.Oly.4.46; Pin.Pyth.4.90; Prop.2.21.31; QS.3.392; Stat.Theb.1.710, 4.538. --- Xanthus 5 One of the RIVER GODS. a) Demeter Zagreus For Zagreus see Dionysus 2. Zeus approached Persephone in the form of a spotted snake. Dio.3.62.6-7, 3.64.1; Hyg.Fab.167; Nonn.5.565, 6.165, 6.169ff.

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